AISE-ProjPrak-UR: Universal Reasoning (in Philosophy, Mathematics and Computer Science)

Dozentinnen/Dozenten:

Christoph Benzmüller, David Fuenmayor, Andrea Vestrucci

Angaben:

Projekt, 6,00 SWS, ECTS: 15, Modulstudium

Termine:

Zeit/Ort n.V.

AISE-Sem-B: Computational Philosophy

Dozentinnen/Dozenten:

Christoph Benzmüller, Andrea Vestrucci

Angaben:

Seminar, 2,00 SWS, Gaststudierendenverzeichnis, Modulstudium

Termine:

Mi, 10:00 - 12:00, WE5/02.005
vom 17.10.2022 bis zum 10.2.2023

AISE-UL: Universelle Logik & Universelles Schließen

Dozentinnen/Dozenten:

Christoph Benzmüller, Andrea Vestrucci, David Fuenmayor, Daniel Kirchner

Angaben:

Vorlesung, 2,00 SWS, Gaststudierendenverzeichnis, Modulstudium

Termine:

Mi, 14:00 - 16:00, WE5/04.004
vom 17.10.2022 bis zum 10.2.2023

Computational Philosophy

Dozent/in:

Andrea Vestrucci

Angaben:

Seminar/Hauptseminar, 2 SWS, ECTS: 6, Gaststudierendenverzeichnis, Modulstudium, (Für die Philosophie-Studierende könnte wir zusätzlich zum Vortrag eine Ausarbeitung einfordern und bewerten.)

Termine:

Mi, 10:00 - 12:00, WE5/02.005

Voraussetzungen / Organisatorisches:

Seminar: Computational Philosophy (6 ECTS)
BA-Studiengang: Aufbaumodul 2, Vertiefungsmodul 2
MA-Studiengang: Kernmodul 2, Freie Spezialisierung 1+2

Inhalt:

Leibniz had a vision: human thoughts made computable. What is real, good, beautiful, or personal identity all facets of human thinking treated and organized as elements of calculation. This vision had a tremendous multi-part impact: It fostered the development of machines to calculate ( ordinateur , the French word for computer, is what makes order out of chaos). It established the basis for the science prior to all others (K. Gödel), i.e., mathematical logic. It influenced the so-called analytical approach in philosophy, treating propositions formally.
The interdisciplinary seminar in Computational Philosophy will embrace these three aspects. Via a clear introduction to mathematical logic topics, we will discuss how, and how far, thinking and algorithms are one thing, and can impact each other. In particular: What are the computational limits of human thought? What are the (philosophical) limits of computation? What are the future directions of making our thinking computable, and a machine thinking?
We will try to answer these questions by familiarizing ourselves with symbolic AI programs and the current research. For instance, we will deepen interpretations of AI limits; we will clarify the relationship between Gödel s incompleteness theorems and Turing s halting problem; we will explore metaphysical arguments, belief changes, and ethical problems in an automated reasoning environment.
Philosophy students will receive 6 ECTS for the seminar. Evaluation of the seminar is based on students presentations during the seminar and a short final reflective essay.

Universelle Logik & Universelles Schließen

Dozentinnen/Dozenten:

Christoph Benzmüller, Andrea Vestrucci, David Fuenmayor, Daniel Kirchner

Angaben:

Vorlesung, 2 SWS, ECTS: 3, Vorlesung: 2 SWS Übung: 2 SWS Prüfung : Klausur

Termine:

Mi, 14:00 - 16:00, WE5/04.004

Voraussetzungen / Organisatorisches:

BA-Studiengang: Vertiefungsmodul 2 MA-Studiengang: Freie Spezialisierung 1+2

Inhalt:

Knowledge representation and reasoning applications in computer science, AI, philosophy and math typically employ very different logic formalisms. Instead of a single logic that serves it all (as envisioned already by Leibniz) an entire logic zoo has been developed, in particular, during the last century. Logics in this zoo, e.g., include modal logics, conditional logics, deontic logics, multi-valued logics, temporal logics, dynamic logics, hybrid logics, etc. In this lecture course I will introduce, discuss and demonstrate a recent attempt at a meta logical approach to universal logical reasoning that addresses this logical pluralism. The core message is this: While it might not be possible to come up with a universal object logic as envisioned by Leibniz, it might in fact be possible to have a universal meta logic in which we can semantically model, analyze and apply various species from the logic zoo. I will argue and demonstrate that classical higher order logic (HOL) is particularly suited to serve as such a universal meta logic, and that existing reasoning tools for HOL can fruitfully be reused and applied in this context.
The lecture course will introduce HOL and the SSE technique, provide some hands-on introduction to Isabelle/HOL, study and demonstrate some concrete semantical embeddings of non-classical in HOL, and conduct practical exercises regarding the application of the SSE technique in philosophy, mathematics and artificial intelligence, including, normative reasoning and machine ethics. As far as time permits, the course will also explain and train the application of the LogiKEy methodology for designing normative theories of ethical and legal reasoning.